沼氣發電機組工作原理及優缺點

　　Working principle and advantages and disadvantages of biogas generator sets

　　1.單燃料沼氣發電機組工作原理及優點：將“空氣沼氣”的混合物在氣缸內壓縮，用火花塞使其燃燒，通過活塞的往復運動得到動力，然后連接發電機發電。

　　1. Working principle and advantages of a single fuel biogas generator set: The mixture of "air biogas" is compressed in the cylinder, burned with a spark plug, and powered by the reciprocating motion of the piston, which is then connected to the generator for power generation.

　　① 不需要輔助燃料油及其供給設備

　　① No need for auxiliary fuel oil and its supply equipment

　　② 燃料為一個系統，在控制方面比可燒兩種燃料的發電機組簡單

　　② Fuel is a system that is simpler in control compared to a generator set that can burn two types of fuels

　　③ 發電機組價格較低

　　③ The price of the generator set is relatively low

　　2.雙燃料沼氣-柴油發電機組工作原理及優點：將“空氣燃燒氣體”的混合物在氣缸內壓縮，用點火燃料使其燃燒，通過活塞的往復運動得到動力，然后連接發電機發電。

　　2. Working principle and advantages of dual fuel biogas diesel generator set: The mixture of "air combustion gas" is compressed in the cylinder, ignited with fuel, and powered by the reciprocating motion of the piston, and then connected to the generator for power generation.

　　① 用液體燃料或氣體燃料都可工作

　　① It can work with either liquid fuel or gas fuel

　　② 對沼氣的產量和甲烷濃度的變化能夠適應

　　② Adapt to changes in biogas production and methane concentration

　　③ 如由用氣體燃料轉為用柴油燃料在停止工作，發電機組內不殘留未燃燒的氣體，因為餓耐腐蝕性好

　　③ If gas fuel is used instead of diesel fuel and the generator set stops working, there will be no residual unburned gas in the generator set because it has good corrosion resistance

　　兩種沼氣發電機組缺點:工作受到供給的沼氣的數量和質量的影響

　　Disadvantages of two types of biogas generator sets: their operation is affected by the quantity and quality of biogas supplied

　　① 用氣體燃料工作時也需要液體輔助燃料

　　① When working with gas fuel, liquid auxiliary fuel is also required

　　② 需要液體燃料供給設備

　　② Liquid fuel supply equipment is required

　　③ 控制機構稍復雜

　　③ The control mechanism is slightly more complex

　　④ 價格較單燃料式發電機組稍高

　　④ The price is slightly higher than that of single fuel generator sets

　　有機廢水沼氣發電機組

　　Organic wastewater biogas generator set

　　什么是有機廢水

　　What is organic wastewater

　　有機廢水就是以有機污染物為主的廢水，有機廢水易造成水質富營養化，危害比較大。　在生活污水、食品加工和造紙等工業廢水中，含有碳水化合物、蛋白質、油脂、木質素等有機物質。這些物質以懸浮或溶解狀態存在于污水中，可通過微生物的生物化學作用而分解。在其分解過程中需要消耗氧氣，因而被稱為耗氧污染物。這種污染物可造成水中溶解氧減少，影響魚類和其他水生生物的生長。水中溶解氧耗盡后，有機物進行厭氧分解，產生硫化氫、氨和硫醇等難聞氣味，使水質進一步惡化。水體中有機物成分非常復雜，耗氧有機物濃度常用單位體積水中耗氧物質生化分解過程中所消耗的氧量表示，即以生化需氧量(BOD)表示。一般用20℃時，五天生化需氧量(BOD5)表示。

　　Organic wastewater is wastewater mainly composed of organic pollutants, which can easily cause eutrophication of water quality and pose significant harm. Organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and lignin are present in industrial wastewater such as domestic sewage, food processing, and papermaking. These substances exist in suspended or dissolved states in wastewater and can be decomposed through the biochemical reactions of microorganisms. During its decomposition process, it requires the consumption of oxygen, hence it is called an oxygen consuming pollutant. This pollutant can cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen in water, affecting the growth of fish and other aquatic organisms. After the dissolved oxygen in water is depleted, organic matter undergoes anaerobic decomposition, producing unpleasant odors such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and thiols, further deteriorating the water quality. The composition of organic matter in water is very complex, and the concentration of oxygen consuming organic matter is commonly expressed as the amount of oxygen consumed during the biochemical decomposition process of oxygen consuming substances per unit volume of water, which is expressed as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Generally, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) for five days is expressed at 20 ℃.

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