沼氣發電機組作為將生物質發酵產生的沼氣（主要成分為甲烷，含量 50%-70%）轉化為電能的關鍵裝備，通過多系統協同工作實現能量高效轉換，整套設備由預處理系統、發動機、發電機、控制系統及輔助設備構成，適配于養殖場、污水處理廠、農業廢棄物處理等沼氣產出場景，單機組功率覆蓋 50kW 至 2000kW，可滿足中小規模用電需求或并入公共電網。

　　As a key equipment for converting biogas (mainly composed of methane, with a content of 50% -70%) produced by biomass fermentation into electrical energy, the biogas generator set achieves efficient energy conversion through multi system collaborative work. The entire equipment consists of a pretreatment system, engine, generator, control system, and auxiliary equipment, suitable for biogas production scenarios such as breeding farms, sewage treatment plants, and agricultural waste treatment. The single unit power covers 50kW to 2000kW, which can meet the electricity needs of small and medium-sized enterprises or be integrated into the public power grid.

　　沼氣預處理系統是保障機組穩定運行的基礎，負責凈化與調節沼氣品質。從發酵罐導出的沼氣首先進入氣液分離器，去除攜帶的水分與冷凝液（水分含量需降至 10g/m 以下，否則會腐蝕發動機缸體），分離出的液體回流至發酵系統循環利用。脫硫裝置是核心凈化單元 —— 沼氣中硫化氫含量通常為 100-5000ppm，需通過干法脫硫（如氧化鐵吸附）或濕法脫硫（如化學吸收）將其降至 50ppm 以下（高硫會導致發動機機油劣化速度加快 3-5 倍），脫硫劑定期更換（更換周期 1-3 個月，取決于硫化氫濃度）。凈化后的沼氣進入穩壓罐（壓力維持在 5-20kPa，波動幅度≤±1kPa），并與空氣按比例混合（空燃比 1:10-1:15，根據甲烷濃度動態調整），為發動機提供穩定的混合氣（熱值偏差≤5%）。

　　The biogas pretreatment system is the foundation for ensuring the stable operation of the unit, responsible for purifying and regulating the quality of biogas. The biogas exported from the fermentation tank first enters the gas-liquid separator to remove the carried moisture and condensate (the moisture content needs to be reduced to below 10g/m, otherwise it will corrode the engine cylinder), and the separated liquid flows back to the fermentation system for recycling. The desulfurization device is the core purification unit - the hydrogen sulfide content in biogas is usually 100-5000ppm, which needs to be reduced to below 50ppm through dry desulfurization (such as iron oxide adsorption) or wet desulfurization (such as chemical absorption) (high sulfur can accelerate the deterioration rate of engine oil by 3-5 times), and the desulfurizer should be replaced regularly (with a replacement cycle of 1-3 months, depending on the hydrogen sulfide concentration). The purified biogas enters the pressure stabilizing tank (maintained at 5-20kPa with a fluctuation amplitude of ≤± 1kPa) and is mixed with air in proportion (air-fuel ratio 1:10-1:15, dynamically adjusted according to methane concentration) to provide a stable mixture for the engine (calorific value deviation ≤ 5%).

　　發動機是能量轉換的核心部件，將沼氣的化學能轉化為機械能。混合氣經進氣管道進入氣缸，在活塞壓縮至頂點時（壓縮比 10-12:1），被高壓火花塞點燃（點火電壓 20-30kV），發生燃燒反應（火焰傳播速度 30-50m/s），瞬間釋放熱能使缸內溫度升至 1800-2200℃，壓力達 8-12MPa，推動活塞往復運動。通過曲柄連桿機構，活塞的直線運動轉化為曲軸的旋轉運動（轉速 1500-3000r/min），輸出機械扭矩。為適應沼氣的低熱值特性（通常 18-25MJ/m，僅為天然氣的 50%-60%），發動機采用專用缸蓋與活塞設計（壓縮比高于天然氣發動機 2-3 個單位），并配備混合氣調節裝置 —— 當甲烷濃度下降 10% 時，自動增加進氣量（提升 15%-20%），確保輸出功率穩定（波動≤±3%）。

　　The engine is the core component of energy conversion, converting the chemical energy of biogas into mechanical energy. The mixture enters the cylinder through the intake pipe, and when the piston is compressed to its peak (compression ratio of 10-12:1), it is ignited by a high-pressure spark plug (ignition voltage of 20-30kV), causing a combustion reaction (flame propagation speed of 30-50m/s), instantly releasing heat energy to raise the cylinder temperature to 1800-2200 ℃ and pressure to 8-12 MPa, pushing the piston back and forth. Through the crank connecting rod mechanism, the linear motion of the piston is converted into the rotational motion of the crankshaft (at a speed of 1500-3000r/min), outputting mechanical torque. In order to adapt to the low calorific value characteristics of biogas (usually 18-25MJ/m, only 50% -60% of natural gas), the engine adopts a dedicated cylinder head and piston design (compression ratio 2-3 units higher than natural gas engines), and is equipped with a mixture adjustment device - when the methane concentration decreases by 10%, the intake air volume is automatically increased (increased by 15% -20%), ensuring stable output power (fluctuation ≤± 3%).

　　發電機將機械能轉化為電能，實現能源形式的最終轉換。發動機曲軸通過聯軸器驅動發電機轉子旋轉（同步轉速 1500r/min 對應 50Hz 交流電），轉子線圈在定子磁場中切割磁感線，產生三相交流電（電壓 400V，頻率 50Hz）。小型機組多采用永磁同步發電機（效率 92%-95%），大型機組則使用同步發電機（效率 95%-97%），并配備勵磁系統穩定輸出電壓（電壓偏差≤±2%）。發電系統還包含整流與逆變模塊（對并網機組而言），將電能轉換為符合電網標準的交流電（總諧波畸變率≤5%），滿足并網要求或直接供給負載使用。

　　The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, achieving the final conversion of energy forms. The engine crankshaft drives the generator rotor to rotate through a coupling (synchronous speed of 1500r/min corresponds to 50Hz AC power), and the rotor coil cuts magnetic induction lines in the stator magnetic field, generating three-phase AC power (voltage 400V, frequency 50Hz). Small units often use permanent magnet synchronous generators (efficiency 92% -95%), while large units use synchronous generators (efficiency 95% -97%) and are equipped with excitation systems to stabilize output voltage (voltage deviation ≤± 2%). The power generation system also includes rectifier and inverter modules (for grid connected units), which convert electrical energy into AC power that meets grid standards (total harmonic distortion rate ≤ 5%), meets grid connection requirements, or directly supplies it to the load for use.

　　控制系統實現全流程自動化運行與安全監控。中央控制器通過傳感器實時采集沼氣濃度（檢測間隔 1 秒，甲烷濃度低于 30% 時停機）、發動機水溫（正常 80-90℃，超溫時啟動冷卻風扇）、機油壓力（低于 0.2MPa 報警）、發電量等參數，數據傳輸延遲＜0.5 秒。當檢測到沼氣泄漏（濃度≥0.5%）或設備故障（如超速、超壓），系統立即切斷進氣閥并啟動氮氣吹掃（吹掃時間 3-5 分鐘），同時觸發聲光報警，確保安全停機（停機響應時間＜10 秒）。對多機組聯合運行的場景，控制系統可實現負荷分配（各機組負荷偏差≤2%），根據沼氣產量自動調整運行臺數，避免能源浪費。

　　The control system achieves full process automation and safety monitoring. The central controller collects real-time parameters such as biogas concentration (detection interval of 1 second, shutdown when methane concentration is below 30%), engine water temperature (normal 80-90 ℃, start cooling fan when overheating), oil pressure (alarm below 0.2MPa), and power generation through sensors, with a data transmission delay of less than 0.5 seconds. When a biogas leak (concentration ≥ 0.5%) or equipment failure (such as overspeed or overpressure) is detected, the system immediately cuts off the intake valve and starts nitrogen purging (purging time 3-5 minutes), while triggering an audible and visual alarm to ensure safe shutdown (shutdown response time<10 seconds). For the scenario of multi unit joint operation, the control system can achieve load distribution (load deviation of each unit ≤ 2%), automatically adjust the number of operating units according to biogas production, and avoid energy waste.

　　本文由沼氣發電機組友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊:http://m.pyucoin.com我們將會對您提出的疑問進行詳細的解答，歡迎您登錄網站留言.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from a gas generator set For more information, please click: http://m.pyucoin.com We will provide detailed answers to your questions. You are welcome to log in to our website and leave a message