看冒煙查磨損

Look for smoke and wear

在發動機工作時，打開加機油的口蓋，如有一股股濃煙從口蓋冒出，說明缸壁活塞環各間隙磨損過大或超限，若各間隙不符合要求應及時修理。打開氣門室蓋，如有一絲青、白色的煙從氣門根部(即氣門工作面)冒出，說明氣門或氣門座磨損過大或燒蝕，或氣門間隙過小甚至沒有間隙，此時可直接看出哪個氣門、哪只汽缸漏氣，應及時修理。

When the engine is working, open the oil filler cap. If a stream of thick smoke comes out of the cap, it indicates that the clearance of the cylinder wall piston ring is worn too much or exceeds the limit. If the clearance does not meet the requirements, it should be repaired in time. Open the valve cover, if there is a trace of blue and white smoke emerging from the valve root (i.e. valve working surface), it indicates that the valve or valve seat is excessively worn or ablated, or the valve clearance is too small or even there is no clearance. At this time, it can be directly seen which valve or cylinder has air leakage, and it should be repaired in time.

看積炭查工況

Check the working condition by looking at the carbon deposit

柴油機熄火后，卸下其排氣管，檢查排氣口積炭情況，能夠判斷柴油機的工況。積炭呈黑灰色，表面像覆蓋有一層白霜，積炭層極薄，說明柴油機工況良好;積炭色澤黑亮，但不濕，說明柴油機輕微燒機油，應及時排除。

After the diesel engine stalls, remove its exhaust pipe, check the carbon deposition at the exhaust port, and judge the working condition of the diesel engine. The carbon deposit is black gray, the surface is covered with a layer of white frost, and the carbon deposit layer is extremely thin, indicating that the diesel engine is in good working condition; The carbon deposit is black and bright, but not wet, indicating that the diesel engine burns engine oil slightly, which should be eliminated in time.

排氣口積炭厚度明顯高于其它缸排氣口的，說明該缸噴油器工作不良或汽缸密封性變差，應進行修理或更換;個別排氣口濕潤或有機油的，說明該缸大量排機油，應進行修理;各缸排氣口積炭層均較厚，且色澤較深的，多因工作溫度過低，或噴油過晚所致，應正確使用并及時調整。

If the carbon deposit thickness at the exhaust port is significantly higher than that at the exhaust port of other cylinders, it indicates that the fuel injector of the cylinder is in poor operation or the cylinder sealing is poor, and it should be repaired or replaced; If some exhaust ports are wet or have engine oil, it means that the cylinder has a large amount of engine oil and should be repaired; If the carbon deposit layer at the exhaust port of each cylinder is thick and dark, it is mostly caused by too low working temperature or too late oil injection. It should be used correctly and adjusted in time.

看水溫查冷卻

Check cooling by water temperature

發動機工作時冷卻系水溫過高(超過100℃，使發動機過熱，造成進氣不足，并使活塞組與缸壁的摩擦損失急劇上升，機械效率明顯降低。因此，要及時保養冷卻系，發動機工作1000h后，應清除冷卻系中的水垢，還應保持節溫器、水泵風扇有良好的技術狀態，如有故障要及時排除。

When the engine is working, the water temperature in the cooling system is too high (more than 100 ℃), which overheats the engine, resulting in insufficient air intake, a sharp increase in the friction loss between the piston group and the cylinder wall, and a significant reduction in mechanical efficiency. Therefore, the cooling system should be maintained in time. After the engine is working for 1000h, the scale in the cooling system should be removed, and the thermostat and water pump fan should be kept in good technical condition. If there is any fault, it should be eliminated in time.

看配氣查氣門

Check the valve

發動機在長期工作中，曲軸、凸輪軸受到不正常的沖擊力而產生扭曲變形，正時齒輪、凸輪表面、隨動柱和挺桿就會磨損，使進、排氣門開閉時間向后推遲而偏離佳配氣相位，使充氣效率降低，發動機功率下降。因此，要定期檢查發動機配氣相位，若不符合要求應及時調整。

During the long-term operation of the engine, the crankshaft and camshaft will be distorted due to abnormal impact force, and the timing gear, cam surface, follower column and tappet will be worn, which will delay the opening and closing time of inlet and exhaust valves and deviate from the optimal valve distribution phase, reduce the inflation efficiency and reduce the engine power. Therefore, the valve timing of the engine should be checked regularly. If it does not meet the requirements, it should be adjusted in time.

看冒煙查煙色

Look at the smoke and check the color

焦化發電機組在正常工作時，一般不冒煙或冒一些清淡的灰白色煙，有時用肉眼難以看出，如發動機冒濃煙是發動機有故障的表現，這種故障也會影響發動機功率下降，故應查一查冒煙的顏色。如冒煙是汽缸內油多氣少，燃燒不完全的表現;冒藍煙是缸套和活塞、氣門與氣門導管等磨損間隙過大，使油底殼內機油竄人燃燒室燒機油的表現;冒白煙是燃油摻水和完全未燃燒的柴油汽化后從排氣管冒出，應診斷其原因加以排除。

During normal operation, the coking generator set generally does not emit smoke or some light gray smoke, which is sometimes difficult to see with the naked eye. For example, the engine emitting thick smoke is a sign of engine failure, which will also affect the engine power decline. Therefore, it is necessary to check the color of smoke. For example, smoking is the performance of more oil and less gas in the cylinder and incomplete combustion; Blue smoke is caused by excessive wear clearance between cylinder liners and pistons, valves and valve guides, which causes the oil in the oil pan to flow into the combustion chamber and burn the oil; White smoke is emitted from the exhaust pipe after the fuel is mixed with water and the completely unburned diesel is vaporized. The cause should be diagnosed and eliminated.

看噴油查卡滯

Check whether the fuel injection is stuck

看一看噴油好不好，良好的噴油是不偏射、不滴油、油霧均勻、射程適當，在機體外可聽到清脆的"撲哧、撲哧"聲，用手撫摸高壓油管可感到燃油"振動"感。這種辦法也可診斷多缸機"振動"力的大小及無"振動"力的各缸工作情況，必要時，也可結合斷缸檢查，以便對癥排除。

Check whether the fuel injection is good. A good fuel injection is non biased, non dripping, uniform oil mist, and appropriate range. You can hear the clear "puff, puff" sound outside the body. You can feel the "vibration" of the fuel by touching the high-pressure oil pipe with your hand. This method can also diagnose the "vibration" force of multi cylinder engine and the working conditions of each cylinder without "vibration" force. If necessary, it can also be combined with the cylinder breaking inspection to eliminate the symptoms.

看火頭查早晚

Look at the fire head sooner or later

看火頭是指噴油是否正時，也就是說供油提前角是否符合規定。各型號柴油機在說明書上都注明了各自的供油提前角是多少。

Check whether the fuel injection is timed, that is, whether the fuel supply advance angle meets the requirements. The manual of each model of diesel engine indicates the fuel supply advance angle.

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