燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機組發(fā)電技術(shù)具有如下特點：

　　The power generation technology of gas-fired internal combustion units has the following characteristics:

　　①單位千瓦建站投資少，2500~3500元/kW；投資回報率高：45%~80%；運行成本低：0.1~0.12元/kWh。②燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機機組配套設(shè)備簡單，電站可移動性強。③機組單機功率范圍：4kW~2000kW，可以單臺工作，也可多臺并網(wǎng)，建站靈活。④電站自耗電少，不超過發(fā)電量的2%。⑤燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃及采用熱電冷聯(lián)供，機組熱效率可達(dá)80%。⑥對沼氣氣源條件要求較低。

　　① Low investment per kilowatt for station construction, ranging from 2500 to 3500 yuan/kW; high investment return rate: 45% to 80%; Low operating cost: 0.1~0.12 yuan/kWh. ② The supporting equipment for gas internal combustion engine units is simple, and the power station is highly mobile. ③ The power range of a single unit is 4kW~2000kW, and it can work as a single unit or be connected to the grid with multiple units, making station construction flexible. ④ The self consumption of the power station is low, not exceeding 2% of the generated electricity. ⑤ Gas internal combustion and the use of combined heat, power and cooling can achieve a thermal efficiency of up to 80% for the unit. ⑥ The requirements for biogas source conditions are relatively low.

　　目前各地環(huán)境影響評價和環(huán)保驗收的排放指標(biāo)主要是SO2和NOx各地執(zhí)行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要有以下幾個：①《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2001/2014)②《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13223—2011)③《車用點燃式發(fā)動機及裝用點燃式發(fā)動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》(GB 14762-2002)第二階段與《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發(fā)動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)④《大功率沼氣發(fā)電機組》(GB/T 29488-2013)⑤《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 16297－1996)

　　At present, the emission indicators for environmental impact assessment and environmental acceptance in various regions are mainly SO2 and NOx. The standards implemented in various regions mainly include the following: ① "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001/2014) ② "Thermal Power Plant Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 13223-2011) ③ "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engines and Installed Spark Ignition Engines" (GB 14762-2002) Phase II and "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines and Vehicle Exhaust Pollutants (China III, IV, V Stages)" (GB 17691-2005) ④ "High Power Biogas Generator Sets" (GB/T 29488-2013) ⑤ "Atmospheric Comprehensive Emission Standards for Pollutants (GB 16297-1996)

　　1關(guān)于《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》有GB 13271-2001和GB 13271-2014兩個版本。2008年，環(huán)境保護(hù)部、發(fā)展改革委、能源局聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強生物質(zhì)電項目環(huán)境影響評價管理工作的通知》(<環(huán)發(fā)[2008]82號>)。其中針對“填埋氣發(fā)電機沼氣發(fā)電類項目”提到“單臺出力65t/h及以下的發(fā)電鍋爐。參照《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2001)中燃?xì)忮仩t大氣污染最高允許排放濃度執(zhí)行?！币虼耍糠终託獍l(fā)電項目環(huán)境影響評價采用的是該文件提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　There are two versions of the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards": GB 13271-2001 and GB 13271-2014. In 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment for Biomass Power Projects (<Huan Fa [2008] No. 82>). Regarding the "landfill gas generator biogas power generation project", it is mentioned that "power generation boilers with a single output of 65t/h or less. Refer to the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001) for the maximum allowable emission concentration of air pollution from gas-fired boilers. ”Therefore, the environmental impact assessment of some biogas power generation projects adopts the standards mentioned in this document.

　　但準(zhǔn)確說，“往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機式發(fā)電機組”不屬于發(fā)電鍋爐，因此執(zhí)行《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》比較牽強，與實際情況有悖。尤其是在《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2014)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布之后，適用范圍明確為：“新建鍋爐自2014年7月1日起，10t/h以下在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW以上的熱水鍋爐，10t/h及以上在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW及以下的熱水鍋爐，分別自2015年10月1日與2016年7月1日起執(zhí)行本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2001)自2016年7月1日廢止”，更加表明“往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機式發(fā)電機組”不適用于此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所列范圍。

　　However, to be precise, "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" do not belong to power generation boilers, so implementing the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" is somewhat far fetched and contrary to the actual situation. Especially after the release of the new standard "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2014), the scope of application is clearly defined as follows: "Starting from July 1, 2014, for newly built boilers, this standard will be implemented for in-service steam boilers below 10t/h and hot water boilers above 7MW, and for in-service steam boilers above 10t/h and hot water boilers below 7MW from October 1, 2015 and July 1, 2016, respectively. The" Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards "(GB 13271-2001) will be abolished from July 1, 2016," which further indicates that "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" are not applicable to the scope listed in this standard.

　　2關(guān)于《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》環(huán)保部發(fā)布的《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13223-2011)，規(guī)定了以氣體為燃料的鍋爐或燃?xì)廨啓C組的SO2、NOx的排放限值。根據(jù)國家環(huán)保總局環(huán)函[2010]123號《關(guān)于生活垃圾填埋氣體發(fā)電機組煙氣排放執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題的復(fù)函》：“《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13223-2011)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實施后，燃?xì)廨啓C組污染排放應(yīng)按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。目前國家尚未制定采用氣體燃料的內(nèi)燃機發(fā)電機組的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，地方省級政府可根據(jù)法律規(guī)定制定地方排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！倍託獍l(fā)電機組普遍采用的是“往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機式發(fā)電機組”，也不適用于此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所列范圍。燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機組發(fā)電技術(shù)具有如下特點：

　　Regarding the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants", the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants" (GB 13223-2011), which specifies the emission limits for SO2 and NOx from boilers or gas turbine units that use gas as fuel. According to the reply of the State Environmental Protection Administration on the Implementation Standards for Flue Gas Emissions from Landfill Gas Generator Units (2010) No. 123, "After the implementation of the 'Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants' (GB 13223-2011) standard, the pollution emissions from gas turbine units should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the standard. At present, the country has not yet formulated emission standards for internal combustion engine generator sets using gas fuels. Local and provincial governments may formulate local emission standards in accordance with legal provisions. ”The commonly used biogas generator set is a "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator set", which is not applicable to the scope listed in this standard. The power generation technology of gas-fired internal combustion units has the following characteristics:

　?、賳挝磺呓ㄕ就顿Y少，2500~3500元/kW；投資回報率高：45%~80%；運行成本低：0.1~0.12元/kWh。②燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機機組配套設(shè)備簡單，電站可移動性強。③機組單機功率范圍：4kW~2000kW，可以單臺工作，也可多臺并網(wǎng)，建站靈活。④電站自耗電少，不超過發(fā)電量的2%。⑤燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃及采用熱電冷聯(lián)供，機組熱效率可達(dá)80%。⑥對沼氣氣源條件要求較低。

　?、?Low investment per kilowatt for station construction, ranging from 2500 to 3500 yuan/kW; high investment return rate: 45% to 80%; Low operating cost: 0.1~0.12 yuan/kWh. ② The supporting equipment for gas internal combustion engine units is simple, and the power station is highly mobile. ③ The power range of a single unit is 4kW~2000kW, and it can work as a single unit or be connected to the grid with multiple units, making station construction flexible. ④ The self consumption of the power station is low, not exceeding 2% of the generated electricity. ⑤ Gas internal combustion and the use of combined heat, power and cooling can achieve a thermal efficiency of up to 80% for the unit. ⑥ The requirements for biogas source conditions are relatively low.

　　目前各地環(huán)境影響評價和環(huán)保驗收的排放指標(biāo)主要是SO2和NOx各地執(zhí)行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要有以下幾個：①《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2001/2014)②《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13223—2011)③《車用點燃式發(fā)動機及裝用點燃式發(fā)動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》(GB 14762-2002)第二階段與《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發(fā)動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)④《大功率沼氣發(fā)電機組》(GB/T 29488-2013)⑤《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 16297－1996)

　　At present, the emission indicators for environmental impact assessment and environmental acceptance in various regions are mainly SO2 and NOx. The standards implemented in various regions mainly include the following: ① "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001/2014) ② "Thermal Power Plant Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 13223-2011) ③ "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engines and Installed Spark Ignition Engines" (GB 14762-2002) Phase II and "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines and Vehicle Exhaust Pollutants (China III, IV, V Stages)" (GB 17691-2005) ④ "High Power Biogas Generator Sets" (GB/T 29488-2013) ⑤ "Atmospheric Comprehensive Emission Standards for Pollutants (GB 16297-1996)

　　1關(guān)于《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》有GB 13271-2001和GB 13271-2014兩個版本。2008年，環(huán)境保護(hù)部、發(fā)展改革委、能源局聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強生物質(zhì)電項目環(huán)境影響評價管理工作的通知》(<環(huán)發(fā)[2008]82號>)。其中針對“填埋氣發(fā)電機沼氣發(fā)電類項目”提到“單臺出力65t/h及以下的發(fā)電鍋爐。參照《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2001)中燃?xì)忮仩t大氣污染最高允許排放濃度執(zhí)行。”因此，部分沼氣發(fā)電項目環(huán)境影響評價采用的是該文件提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　There are two versions of the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards": GB 13271-2001 and GB 13271-2014. In 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment for Biomass Power Projects (<Huan Fa [2008] No. 82>). Regarding the "landfill gas generator biogas power generation project", it is mentioned that "power generation boilers with a single output of 65t/h or less. Refer to the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001) for the maximum allowable emission concentration of air pollution from gas-fired boilers. ”Therefore, the environmental impact assessment of some biogas power generation projects adopts the standards mentioned in this document.

　　但準(zhǔn)確說，“往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機式發(fā)電機組”不屬于發(fā)電鍋爐，因此執(zhí)行《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》比較牽強，與實際情況有悖。尤其是在《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2014)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布之后，適用范圍明確為：“新建鍋爐自2014年7月1日起，10t/h以下在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW以上的熱水鍋爐，10t/h及以上在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW及以下的熱水鍋爐，分別自2015年10月1日與2016年7月1日起執(zhí)行本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，《鍋爐大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13271-2001)自2016年7月1日廢止”，更加表明“往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機式發(fā)電機組”不適用于此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所列范圍。

　　However, to be precise, "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" do not belong to power generation boilers, so implementing the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" is somewhat far fetched and contrary to the actual situation. Especially after the release of the new standard "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2014), the scope of application is clearly defined as follows: "Starting from July 1, 2014, for newly built boilers, this standard will be implemented for in-service steam boilers below 10t/h and hot water boilers above 7MW, and for in-service steam boilers above 10t/h and hot water boilers below 7MW from October 1, 2015 and July 1, 2016, respectively. The" Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards "(GB 13271-2001) will be abolished from July 1, 2016," which further indicates that "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" are not applicable to the scope listed in this standard.

　　2關(guān)于《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》環(huán)保部發(fā)布的《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13223-2011)，規(guī)定了以氣體為燃料的鍋爐或燃?xì)廨啓C組的SO2、NOx的排放限值。根據(jù)國家環(huán)保總局環(huán)函[2010]123號《關(guān)于生活垃圾填埋氣體發(fā)電機組煙氣排放執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題的復(fù)函》：“《火電廠大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 13223-2011)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實施后，燃?xì)廨啓C組污染排放應(yīng)按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。目前國家尚未制定采用氣體燃料的內(nèi)燃機發(fā)電機組的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，地方省級政府可根據(jù)法律規(guī)定制定地方排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！倍託獍l(fā)電機組普遍采用的是“往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機式發(fā)電機組”，也不適用于此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所列范圍。

　　Regarding the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants", the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants" (GB 13223-2011), which specifies the emission limits for SO2 and NOx from boilers or gas turbine units that use gas as fuel. According to the reply of the State Environmental Protection Administration on the Implementation Standards for Flue Gas Emissions from Landfill Gas Generator Units (2010) No. 123, "After the implementation of the 'Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants' (GB 13223-2011) standard, the pollution emissions from gas turbine units should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the standard. At present, the country has not yet formulated emission standards for internal combustion engine generator sets using gas fuels. Local and provincial governments may formulate local emission standards in accordance with legal provisions. ”The commonly used biogas generator set is a "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator set", which is not applicable to the scope listed in this standard.

　　注：部分利用鍋爐+蒸汽輪機發(fā)電或燃?xì)廨啓C+蒸汽輪機發(fā)電技術(shù)的沼氣發(fā)電項目，可參考執(zhí)行以上兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　Note: Some biogas power generation projects that utilize boiler+steam turbine power generation or gas turbine+steam turbine power generation technology can refer to the implementation of the above two standards.

　　3關(guān)于《車用點燃式發(fā)動機及裝用點燃式發(fā)動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》根據(jù)國家環(huán)?？偩汁h(huán)函[2006]359號《關(guān)于內(nèi)燃式瓦斯發(fā)電項目環(huán)境影響評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)請示的復(fù)函》：“目前，我國還沒有發(fā)電用內(nèi)燃機大氣污染排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使用以煤層氣（沼氣）為燃料的內(nèi)燃機發(fā)電建設(shè)項目，可根據(jù)建設(shè)項目環(huán)境影響評價文件審批時間，分別參照執(zhí)行《車用點燃式發(fā)動機及裝用點燃式發(fā)動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》(GB 14762-2002)第二階段和《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發(fā)動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)中的大氣污染排放控制要求，進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響評價”。本評價中NOx排放參照執(zhí)行《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發(fā)動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)中的大氣污染排放中國Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段(2010年、2012年起)的控制要求(NOx≤3.5g/kWh、NOx≤2.0g/kWh)。

　　Regarding the "Limits and Measurement Methods for Pollutant Emissions from Vehicle Ignited Ignition Engines and Vehicles Equipped with Ignited Ignition Engines", according to the "Reply to the Request for Environmental Impact Assessment Standards for Internal Combustion Gas Power Generation Projects" (Huan Han [2006] No. 359) issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, "Currently, there are no air pollution emission standards for internal combustion engines used in power generation in China. For internal combustion engine power generation construction projects using coalbed methane (biogas) as fuel, according to the approval time of the environmental impact assessment documents for construction projects, the second phase of the" Limits and Measurement Methods for Pollutant Emissions from Vehicle Ignited Ignition Engines and Vehicles Equipped with Ignited Ignition Engines "(GB 14762-2002) and the" Limits for Pollutant Emissions from Vehicle Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignited Ignition Engines and Vehicles "(GB 14762-2002) can be implemented separately. and Measurement Methods (China Stage III, IV, V)" (GB 17691-2005) Conduct environmental impact assessment in accordance with the requirements for air pollution emission control in China. The NOx emissions in this evaluation are subject to the control requirements of the Chinese Stage IV and V (2010, 2012 onwards) for air pollution emissions in accordance with the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines and Automotive Exhaust Pollutants (China Stage III, IV, V)" (GB 17691-2005) (NOx ≤ 3.5g/kWh, NOx ≤ 2.0g/kWh).

　　該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用范圍符合項目實際采用的發(fā)動機類型。但對沼氣發(fā)電項目來說，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了NOx的排放要求，SO2的排放與具體的沼氣品質(zhì)有關(guān)，在該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中也無從規(guī)定。

　　The scope of application of this standard conforms to the actual engine types used in the project. But for biogas power generation projects, this standard specifies the emission requirements for NOx, and the emission of SO2 is related to the specific quality of biogas, which cannot be specified in this standard.

　　注：目前《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發(fā)動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國第六階段)》正處于二次征求意見稿階段，待新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出臺，NOx排放的限值要求會更加嚴(yán)格。

　　Note: Currently, the "Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines for Vehicles (China's Sixth Phase)" is in the second stage of soliciting opinions. When the new standards are introduced, the requirements for NOx emission limits will be more stringent.

　　4關(guān)于《中大功率沼氣發(fā)電機組》《大功率沼氣發(fā)電機組》(GB/T 29488-2013)是由中國石油集團(tuán)濟柴動力總廠負(fù)責(zé)起草，國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布實施的，適用于“額定頻率為50Hz或60Hz，功率不小于250kW，以沼氣（甲烷含量不低于30%）為主要燃料的往復(fù)式內(nèi)燃機驅(qū)動的交流工頻發(fā)電機組”。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定“機組在額定工況時排出的NOx污染物排放限值為3.48g/kWh”，相近于《車用點燃式發(fā)動機及裝用點燃式發(fā)動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》，同前述相同，SO2的排放與氣源有關(guān)，也無從規(guī)定。

　　Regarding the "Medium and High Power Biogas Generator Sets" and "High Power Biogas Generator Sets" (GB/T 29488-2013), they were drafted by China Petroleum Group Jichai Power Plant and implemented by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the Standardization Management Committee. They are applicable to "AC power frequency generator sets driven by reciprocating internal combustion engines with rated frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz, power not less than 250kW, and mainly fueled by biogas (methane content not less than 30%)". This standard stipulates that the emission limit of NOx pollutants emitted by the unit under rated operating conditions is 3.48g/kWh, which is similar to the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engines and Vehicles Equipped with Spark Ignition Engines". Similarly, the emission of SO2 is related to the gas source and cannot be regulated.

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