一個完整的大中型沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組工程，通常包含原料的收集、預(yù)處理、厭氧消化系統(tǒng)、出料的后處理系統(tǒng)、沼氣發(fā)電系統(tǒng)等環(huán)節(jié)。

　　A complete large and medium-sized biogas power generation unit project usually includes links such as raw material collection, pretreatment, anaerobic digestion system, post-treatment system for discharge, and biogas power generation system.

　　(1) 原料收集

　　(1) Raw material collection

　　沼氣發(fā)電需有充足穩(wěn)定的原料供應(yīng)，這是厭氧消化工藝的基礎(chǔ)。采用不同方式收集原料，原料質(zhì)量會存在差異。為便于就近開展沼氣發(fā)酵處理，在養(yǎng)殖場或工廠設(shè)計時，應(yīng)依據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貤l件合理規(guī)劃畜禽糞污的收集方式和集中地點(diǎn)。

　　Biogas power generation requires sufficient and stable supply of raw materials, which is the foundation of anaerobic digestion technology. There may be differences in the quality of raw materials collected using different methods. In order to facilitate the nearby development of biogas fermentation treatment, the collection methods and centralized locations of livestock and poultry manure should be reasonably planned based on local conditions when designing farms or factories.

　　(2) 原料預(yù)處理

　　(2) Raw material pretreatment

　　對原料進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，是因為原料中常混雜生產(chǎn)作業(yè)中的各種雜物。這樣做可減少原料中的懸浮固體含量，便于用泵輸送及防止發(fā)酵過程出現(xiàn)故障，且預(yù)處理還能根據(jù)需要，在原料進(jìn)入消化器前完成升溫或降溫工作。

　　Pre treatment of raw materials is carried out because various impurities from production operations are often mixed in the raw materials. This can reduce the suspended solids content in the raw materials, facilitate pump transportation, and prevent fermentation process failures. In addition, pre-treatment can also complete heating or cooling work before the raw materials enter the digester as needed.

　　(3) 厭氧消化系統(tǒng)

　　(3) Anaerobic digestion system

　　厭氧消化是個復(fù)雜過程，可分為三個階段。

　　Anaerobic digestion is a complex process that can be divided into three stages.

　　第一階段：在水解與細(xì)菌發(fā)酵作用下，糞污中的碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)與脂肪轉(zhuǎn)化為單糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸、甘油、二氧化碳和氫等。

　　Phase 1: Under hydrolysis and bacterial fermentation, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in feces are converted into monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

　　第二階段：第一階段的產(chǎn)物在菌的作用下轉(zhuǎn)化成氫、二氧化碳和乙酸。

　　Second stage: The products of the first stage are converted into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid under the action of bacteria.

　　第三階段：通過兩組生理特性不同的產(chǎn)甲烷菌作用，將氫和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為甲烷，或?qū)σ宜崦擊犬a(chǎn)生甲烷；發(fā)酵階段，脂肪酸在專性厭氧菌 —— 產(chǎn)甲烷菌作用下轉(zhuǎn)化為 CH4 和 CO2。

　　Phase 3: Through the action of two groups of methanogens with different physiological characteristics, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are converted into methane, or methane is produced by decarboxylation of acetic acid; During the fermentation stage, fatty acids are converted into CH4 and CO2 by specialized anaerobic bacteria known as methanogens.

　　(4) 出料的后處理

　　(4) Post processing of discharged materials

　　出料的處理方式多樣，簡便的方法是直接施入農(nóng)田土壤或排入魚塘當(dāng)作肥料。考慮到施肥的季節(jié)性和單位面積的施肥限制等因素，這類工程需要養(yǎng)殖場周邊有足夠的農(nóng)田、魚塘、植物塘等，以完全消納經(jīng)厭氧發(fā)酵后的沼渣、沼液，使沼氣利用工程成為生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)園區(qū)的紐帶。

　　There are various ways to handle the discharge, and a simple method is to directly apply it to farmland soil or discharge it into fish ponds as fertilizer. Considering the seasonality of fertilization and the limitation of fertilization per unit area, such projects require sufficient farmland, fish ponds, plant ponds, etc. around the breeding farm to fully absorb the anaerobic fermented sludge and slurry, making the biogas utilization project a link in the ecological agricultural park.

　　(5) 沼氣發(fā)電系統(tǒng)

　　(5) Biogas power generation system

　　養(yǎng)殖場糞污厭氧消化過程中會產(chǎn)生大量沼氣（主要成分是 CH4 和 CO2），將沼氣收集、凈化后送入沼氣發(fā)電機(jī)組。在收集、凈化、輸送系統(tǒng)上，布置有溫度、氣體濃度、流量等測量元件，以及安全閥、阻火器等安全設(shè)施。進(jìn)入發(fā)電機(jī)組的沼氣經(jīng)防爆電磁閥和調(diào)壓閥進(jìn)入機(jī)組氣缸，由火花塞點(diǎn)火，混合氣體燃燒做功，帶動發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。經(jīng)變壓器升壓后并入城市電網(wǎng)，做功后的廢氣經(jīng)機(jī)組排氣口排出。

　　During the anaerobic digestion of manure in aquaculture farms, a large amount of biogas (mainly composed of CH4 and CO2) is generated. The biogas is collected and purified before being sent to a biogas generator set. Temperature, gas concentration, flow rate and other measuring components, as well as safety facilities such as safety valves and flame arresters, are arranged in the collection, purification and transportation systems. The biogas entering the generator set enters the unit cylinder through the explosion-proof solenoid valve and pressure regulating valve, and is ignited by the spark plug. The mixed gas burns and does work, driving the generator to generate electricity. After being stepped up by a transformer and connected to the urban power grid, the exhaust gas after doing work is discharged through the exhaust port of the unit.

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